Dermatoglyphic Profiles of Competitive Athletes: CrossFit and Ultra-Marathon / Perfiles Dermatoglíficos de Deportistas Competitivos: CrossFit y Ultramaratón

SUMMARY: In the sports field, sports are usually classified according to the predominance of the energy system used during the competition; sports like Crossfit and ultra-marathon could be totally opposite due to the needs of athletes to achieve good places. Due to the above, the objective was established to compare the dermatoglyphic profiles of CrossFit and Ultra-marathon athletes according to the predisposition of the energy systems, aerobic and anaerobic, used in the competitions. Cross-sectional descriptive study, where the dermatoglyphic profile of 21 athletes of national presence (10 crossfit and 11 ultra-marathon runners) was determined, through the Computerized Dermatoglyphic System, brand Salus Dermatoglifia, according to the Cummins and Midlo protocol, which consists of taking the fingerprints of the 10 fingers of the hands. The fingerprint designs of the human being (arch, loop and whorl) and the elements contained in them (nucleus and delta) were analyzed, differences were established through the Analysis of Variance test in the SPSS V.25 statistical package. The results show significant differences between the average scores of the line count of both disciplines (108 and 165), being higher in ultra-marathon runners, associated with greater aerobic resistance. Another significant and relevant finding was the presence of arch-type fingerprints only in CrossFit athletes associated, along with low line count, with strength and power. It is concluded that Crossfit and Ultra-marathon athletes have dissimilar natural physical characteristics, which is why they participate and excel in different sports where they have enhanced their natural physical abilities through training.

En el ámbito deportivo, los deportes suelen clasificarse según el predominio del sistema energético utilizado durante la competición; Deportes como el Crossfit y la ultramaratón podrían ser totalmente opuestos debido a las necesidades de los deportistas de conseguir buenos lugares. Debido a lo anterior, se estableció como objetivo comparar los perfiles dermatoglíficos de atletas de CrossFit y Ultramaratón según la predisposición de los sistemas energéticos, aeróbico y anaeróbico, utilizados en las competencias. Estudio descriptivo transversal, donde se determinó el perfil dermatoglífico de 21 deportistas de presencia nacional (10 crossfit y 11 ultramaratonistas), a través del Sistema Dermatoglífico Computarizado, marca Salus Dermatoglifia, según el protocolo Cummins y Midlo, el cual consta de tomando las huellas dactilares de los 10 dedos de las manos. Se analizaron los diseños dactilares del ser humano (arco, asa y verticilo) y los elementos contenidos en ellos (núcleo y delta), se establecieron diferencias mediante la prueba de Análisis de Varianza en el paquete estadístico SPSS V.25. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre las puntuaciones medias del recuento de líneas de ambas disciplinas (108 y 165), siendo superiores en los corredores de ultramaratón, asociado a una mayor resistencia aeróbica. Otro hallazgo significativo y relevante fue la presencia de huellas dactilares tipo arco sólo en atletas de CrossFit asociadas, junto con un bajo número de líneas, con fuerza y potencia. Se concluye que los atletas de Crossfit y Ultramaratón tienen características físicas naturales disímiles, por lo que participan y destacan en diferentes deportes donde han potenciado sus capacidades físicas naturales a través del entrenamiento.

Injuries in CrossFit practioner: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Aim: The present study aimed to investigate epidemiological parameters associated with the onset of injuries in CrossFit practitioners. Methods: Cross-sectional study, with fifty-two subjects (28 ± 7 years,70 ±13 kg), regular practitioners of CrossFit, of intermediate level. The Rombaldi questionnaire was applied, related to the occurrence of injuries during physical activity. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Pearson's chi-square, and Fisher's exact test were used, using p < 0.05. Results: Our findings show that the prevalence of injury in cross-fitters is 38%, having an incidence rate of 3.7 per 1000 h of training. The most recurrent injury was stretching (41%). The most affected regions were the shoulder and lumbar (34%). The exercise model with the highest association with injury development was Olympic weightlifting (p = 0.004). Conclusion: The CrossFit practice showed a moderate prevalence of injuries, stretching the main type. The most affected regions were the shoulders and the lumbar. In relation to the most dangerous exercise model for the appearance of injuries, the Olympic weightlifting exercises stand out.

Perfil de lesões em praticantes de CrossFit®: prevalência e fatores associados durante um ano de prática esportiva / Perfil de lesiones en practicantes de CrossFit ®: prevalencia y factores asociados durante un año de práctica deportiva / Injury profile in CrossFit® practitioners: Prevalence and associated factors during a year of sports practice

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a prevalência de lesões durante um ano em praticantes de CrossFit® e a influência das características da prática esportiva e demográficas nessas lesões. Foi realizado estudo de coorte retrospectivo com 180 praticantes de CrossFit®, que responderam a um questionário sobre: características demográficas (idade, massa corporal, altura e sexo), características da prática esportiva (tempo de prática esportiva, frequência e duração de treino, formação de carga e prática de outro esporte) e ocorrência e características da lesão (quantidade, região lesionada e estrutura acometida). Por meio do teste de Mann-Whitney U, investigou-se a diferença nas variáveis contínuas entre aqueles com e sem histórico de lesão. Utilizando o teste de qui-quadrado e o teste exato de Fisher, avaliou-se a associação entre variáveis categóricas e a presença ou não de lesão. O teste de qui-quadrado goodness-of-fit foi aplicado para investigar se a frequência observada de lesões por região do corpo e por tipo era diferente da esperada. A prevalência de lesão foi de 63%, e aqueles com histórico de lesão tinham menor tempo de prática esportiva. A presença de histórico de lesão foi associada a menor frequência semanal e diária e menor duração de treinos, assim como à formação de carga Scale. A frequência de lesão em perna, joelho, coluna lombar, ombro e punho, assim como do tipo músculo e tendão foi acima da esperada. As demais variáveis não apresentaram diferença entre grupos ou não foram associadas à presença de lesão. Logo, a maioria dos investigados relatou lesão que foi influenciada pelas características da prática esportiva, e não pelas demográficas.

RESUMEN Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la prevalencia de lesiones en practicantes de CrossFit® durante un año y la influencia de las características deportivas y demográficas en estas lesiones. Se trata de estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, realizado con 180 practicantes de CrossFit®, quienes respondieron a un cuestionario que contenía: características demográficas (edad, masa corporal, altura y sexo), características de la práctica deportiva (tiempo de práctica deportiva, frecuencia y duración del entrenamiento, carga de entrenamiento y práctica de otro deporte) y ocurrencia y características de la lesión (cantidad, región lesionada y estructura afectada). Para el análisis de la diferencia en las variables continuas entre los practicantes con y sin antecedentes de lesiones, se utilizó la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Se evaluó la asociación entre las variables categóricas y la presencia o ausencia de lesión mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado y la prueba exacta de Fisher. La prueba de chi-cuadrado goodness-of-fit se aplicó para investigar si la frecuencia de lesiones por parte del cuerpo y por tipo era distinta de lo esperado. La prevalencia de lesión fue del 63%, y los practicantes con antecedente de lesión tenían menor tiempo de práctica deportiva. La presencia de antecedentes de lesión se asoció con una menor frecuencia semanal/diaria y una menor duración del entrenamiento, así como con la formación de la carga de Scale. La frecuencia de lesiones en la pierna, la rodilla, la columna lumbar, el hombro y la muñeca, así como de tipo muscular y tendinoso fue mayor a la esperada. Las demás variables no mostraron diferencia entre grupos o no se asociaron con la presencia de lesión. Por lo tanto, la mayoría de los participantes reportaron presentar una lesión que estuvo influenciada por las características de la práctica deportiva, y no por la demografía.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of injuries in CrossFit® practitioners and the influence of sports practice and demographic characteristics on these injuries. A retrospective cohort study was carried out with 180 CrossFit® practitioners who answered a questionnaire with demographic characteristics (age, body mass, height, and sex), sports characteristics (number of years practicing CrossFit®; training frequency, duration, and training program; and practice of other sports), and presence of any injury suffered and its characteristics (number of injuries, region, and type of injury). The Mann-Whitney U test investigated the difference in continuous variables between those with and without injury history. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test investigated the association between categorical variables and the presence or not of injury over the last year. The chi-square goodness-of-fit test investigated if the frequency of injuries per body location and type differed from the expected one. Injury prevalence was 63%. Participants with a history of injury showed a shorter time of CrossFit® practice. The presence of injury history was associated with lesser weekly and daily training frequency, shorter training duration, and Scale training program. The frequency of injuries on leg, knee, lumbar spine, shoulder, and wrist, and the muscle and tendon was greater than expected. The other variables were neither different between groups nor associated with injury presence. Thus, most participants presented injury over the last year, influenced by the sports characteristics but not by demographic characteristics.

Disordered eating behaviors among CrossFit athletes / Comportamento alimentar desordenado em praticantes de CrossFit

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate differences in disordered eating symptoms between men and women who practice CrossFit and to evaluate its predictors in this population. Methods: A cross-sectional study (April to June 2019) was carried out with 194 adults (103 women and 91 men) enrolled in private CrossFit boxes in Brazil, with a mean age of 30.19 years (SD = 5.34). Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (disordered eating), the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (body-ideal internalization), and the Drive for Muscularity Scale (drive for muscularity). A series of Student's t-tests was applied to test differences in disordered eating symptoms between men and women. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to evaluate predictors of disordered eating for both sexes. Results: Women showed greater disordered eating symptoms, dietary restrictions and excessive concern about thinness than men. Moreover, younger women with a higher BMI are more likely to have disordered eating symptoms. Higher drive for muscularity and greater general body-ideal internalization were also associated with disordered eating among women. In men, muscularity-oriented behavior was the only predictor of disordered eating. Conclusion: These findings are relevant, as they point out that women who practice CrossFit seem to be a high risk group for the development of eating disorders. In addition, muscularity-oriented behaviors in men and the drive for muscularity, internalization of the ideal body, BMI and age in women are predictors of disordered eating in CrossFit practitioners.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar possíveis diferenças nos sintomas de transtornos alimentares entre homens e mulheres que praticam CrossFit e seus preditores nessa população. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo transversal (abril a junho de 2019) com 194 adultos (103 mulheres e 91 homens) matriculados em academias de CrossFit particulares de Ribeirão Preto, com média de idade de 30,19 anos (DP = 5,34). Foram respondidos um questionário sociodemográfico, o Eating Attitudes Test-26 (sintomas de transtornos alimentares), o Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (internalização do ideal de corpo) e a Drive for Muscularity Scale (busca pela muscularidade). Resultados: As mulheres apresentaram mais sintomas de transtorno alimentar, maiores restrições alimentares e preocupação excessiva com a magreza. Além disso, mulheres mais jovens com IMC mais alto têm maior probabilidade de apresentar sintomas de distúrbios alimentares. Maior busca pela muscularidade e maior internalização geral dos padrões de corpo socialmente estabelecidos também foram associados com alimentação desordenada entre as mulheres. Nos homens, o comportamento orientado para a muscularidade foi o único preditor dos transtornos alimentares. Conclusão: Esses achados são relevantes, pois apontam que as mulheres praticantes de CrossFit parecem apresentar maior risco para o desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares. Além disso, comportamentos orientados para a musculatura em homens e a busca pela muscularidade, internalização do ideal de corpo, IMC e idade nas mulheres são preditores de transtornos alimentares em praticantes de CrossFit.

The influence of Burpee on the stability of attention of schoolchildren

Abstract Aim: To determine the influence of the «Burpee¼ exercise on the indicators of endurance and stability of attention in children aged 15-16. Methods: the pedagogical experiment was carried out based on a comprehensive school, in the city of Kirov, Russia. The study involved children 15-16 years old in the amount of 52 people. Children from the experimental group additionally performed the "Burpee" exercise. Endurance in children was determined by the test "2000 m", and the stability of attention was determined by the test "Bourdon test". The study used Excel and BioStat to determine Student's t-test. Results: After the pedagogical experiment, the indicators in the control group in the "2000 m" test improved by 1.9% (p > 0.05), and in the "Bourdon test" by 5.9% (p > 0.05). In the experimental group, the performance improved significantly in the "2000 m" test by 9% (p < 0.05) and in the "Bourdon test" by 20% (p < 0.05). Conclusion: if 15-16-year-old schoolchildren perform the "Burpee" exercise in physical education classes, then the indicators of endurance and stability of attention will improve significantly.

Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence in CrossFit Practitioners before and during the COVID-19 Quarantine and its Relationship with Training Level: An Observational Study / Prevalência da incontinência urinária em praticantes de CrossFit antes e durante a quarentena pelo COVID-19 e sua relação com o nível de treinamento: Um estudo observacional

Abstract Objective To compare the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) before and during the COVID-19 quarantine in CrossFit women and their relationship with training level. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed among 197 women practicing CrossFit. The inclusion criteria were nulliparous women, between 18 and 45 years old, who had trained, before quarantine, in accredited gyms. The exclusion criteria were not following the COVID-19 prevention protocols and having UI on other occasions than just sport. An online questionnaire was emailed containing questions about frequency, duration, and intensity of training and data related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were invited to answer whether they were infected with COVID-19 and what treatment/recommendation they have followed. Whether UI stopped among participants, they were asked about the possible reasons why this happened. The training intensity was categorized as "the same," "decreased" or "increased." Results The mean age of the participants was 32 years old and most (98.5%) could practice CrossFit during the pandemic. There was a decrease in training intensity in 64% of the respondents. Exercises with their own body weight, such as air squat (98.2%), were the most performed. Urinary incontinence was reported by 32% of the participants before the COVID-19 pandemic, and by only 14% of them during the pandemic (odds ratio [OR]=0.32 [0.19-0.53]; p<0.01; univariate analysis). Practitioners reported that the reason possibly related to UI improvement was the reduction of training intensity and not performing doubleunder exercise. Conclusion The reduction in the intensity of CrossFit training during the COVID-19 quarantine decreased the prevalence of UI among female athletes.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar a prevalência de incontinência urinária (IU) no CrossFit, antes e durante a quarentena por COVID-19, e sua relação com a intensidade do treinamento. Métodos Estudo observacional com 197 atletas de CrossFit. Os critérios de inclusão foram: nulíparas, 18 a 45 anos, treinando antes da quarentena em academias credenciadas. Os critérios de exclusão foram: não seguir os protocolos de prevenção da COVID-19 e ter IU em outras ocasiões que não apenas no esporte. Utilizou-se um questionário online com perguntas sobre frequência, duração e intensidade do treinamento e dados relacionados à pandemia, além de caso tivessem tido infecção pelo SARS-COV2, qual tratamento/recomendação seguiram. Caso a IU tenha parado entre as participantes, elas foram perguntadas quanto quais as possíveis razões pelas quais isso aconteceu. A intensidade do treinamento foi categorizada como "igual," "diminuída" ou "aumentada ". Resultados A média de idade foi de 32 anos e a maioria (98,5%) conseguiu praticar CrossFit durante a pandemia. Houve uma diminuição na intensidade do treinamento em 64% das entrevistadas. Exercícios com o próprio peso corporal, como agachamento no ar (98,2%), foram os mais realizados. Incontinência urinária foi relatada por 32% das participantes antes da pandemia e por apenas 14% durante a pandemia (odds ratio [OR]=0,32 [0,19-0,53]; p<0,01). As atletas relataram que o motivo possivelmente relacionado à melhora da IU foi a redução da intensidade do treinamento e não realizar o exercício doubleunder. Conclusão A redução da intensidade do treinamento de CrossFit durante a quarentena por COVID-19 diminuiu a prevalência de IU entre as atletas.

Correlation between previous sedentary lifestyle and CrossFit-related injuries / Correlação entre sedentarismo prévio e lesões relacionadas ao CrossFit

ABSTRACT: Objective: To correlate CrossFit-related injuries with previous sedentary lifestyle, and to investigate other factors potentially associated with higher rates of injury among practitioners. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional study involving CrossFit practitioners who received a digital questionnaire inquiring into CrossFit-related injuries, previous sedentary life, training intensity and experience, site of injury and general demographics. Results: This sample included 121 CrossFit practitioners, 34.7% of participants were sedentary prior to starting CrossFit practice, from these, 45.2% reported CrossFit-related injuries, compared to 30.4% from previously active practitioners (p=0.104). The shoulder/elbow (60.5%), lumbar spine (30.3%) and wrist/hand (16.3%) were the most common sites of injury among participants reporting CrossFit-related injuries (35.5%). Participants performing intense weight training were more prone to injuries than those practicing light or moderate weight training (p=0.043). On average, participants with a history of injury spent significantly more time training than those with no history of injury (68.4 and 61.7 minutes, respectively; p=0.044). Conclusion: The incidence of CrossFit-related injuries did not differ significantly between previously sedentary and physically active participants. Intense weight training was associated with a higher incidence of injuries. The overall injury rate was 35.5%, similar to that found in previous studies, and the most common site of injury was shoulder/elbow.

RESUMO Objetivo: Correlacionar as lesões durante a prática do CrossFit com sedentarismo prévio e pesquisar outros fatores possivelmente relacionados ao aumento da taxa de lesão entre os praticantes. Métodos: Estudo transversal nacional, envolvendo praticantes de CrossFit, que receberam questionário digital para avaliar lesões relacionadas à prática da modalidade, à vida sedentária anterior, a intensidade e tempo de treinamento, à localização da lesão e à demografia geral. Resultados: Esta amostra incluiu 121 praticantes de CrossFit, 34,7% dos participantes eram sedentários antes de iniciar o CrossFit, desses, 45,2% sofreram alguma lesão relacionada a essa atividade, versus 30,4% dos que eram anteriormente ativos (p=0,104). Dos praticantes avaliados, 35,5% declararam história de alguma lesão relacionada ao CrossFit. Os locais mais frequentes foram ombro e cotovelo (60,5%), coluna lombar (30,3%), e punho e mão (16,3%). Os participantes que realizam levantamento de peso de forma intensa estiveram mais propensos a lesões do que aqueles que realizavam treinamento leve ou moderado (p=0,043). Os participantes com história de lesão apresentaram tempo médio de treinamento significativamente maior quando comparados àqueles sem antecedente de lesão (68,4 minutos versus 61,7 minutos; p=0,044). Conclusão: Não houve diferença significativa na incidência de lesões relacionadas ao CrossFit entre participantes previamente sedentários e fisicamente ativos. O levantamento intenso de pesos esteve relacionado à maior incidência de lesões. A taxa média de lesões encontradas neste estudo foi de 35,5%, semelhante a encontrada em estudos prévios. O local mais frequente foi ombro/cotovelo.

Frequência de incontinência urinária em mulheres praticantes de crossfit: um estudo transversal / Frecuencia de incontinencia urinaria en mujeres que practican crossfit: un estudio transversal / Frequency of urinary incontinence in women who practice crossfit: a cross-sectional study

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a frequência de Incontinência Urinaria (IU) em mulheres praticantes de Crossfit. Realizou-se um estudo de corte transversal com mulheres que praticavam Crossfit há, pelo menos, 6 meses ininterruptos, com idade entre 18 a 35 anos e frequência de treino de, no mínimo, três vezes por semana. Foram aplicados questionários de avaliação individual compostos por dados sociodemográficas, antropométricos e esportivos, além do International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-UI-SF), para identificar a presença de IU. Também por meio do ICIQ-IU-SF foram identificados a frequência e quantidade de perda de urina e interferência da IU na qualidade de vida (QV) das mulheres incontinentes. Essas mulheres também responderam a um questionário acerca da gravidade da IU. A amostra total do estudo foi de 50 mulheres, das quais 10 (20%) apresentaram IU. A maioria das mulheres incontinentes apresentou IU de gravidade moderada e de interferência leve na QV. Ademais, observou-se associação entre ter histórico de IU e apresentar IU (RP=5,33; IC95%=1,41 a 20,10). Diante do exposto, conclui-se que a frequência de IU em mulheres praticantes de Crossfit foi de 20%, sendo a IU, em sua maioria, de gravidade moderada e de leve interferência na QV.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la frecuencia de incontinencia urinaria (IU) en mujeres que practican crossfit. Se realizó un estudio transversal con mujeres que habían practicado crossfit, como mínimo, durante 6 meses ininterrumpidos, con edades entre 18 y 35 años y una frecuencia de entrenamiento de al menos tres veces por semana. Se aplicaron cuestionarios de evaluación individual que constó de datos sociodemográficos, antropométricos y deportivos, además del International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-UI-SF) para identificar la presencia de IU. También se identificaron la frecuencia y cantidad de pérdida de orina y la interferencia de la IU en la calidad de vida (CV) de las mujeres con incontinencia utilizando el ICIQ-IU-SF. Esas mujeres también respondieron a un cuestionario sobre la gravedad de la IU. La muestra total del estudio se compuso de 50 mujeres, de las cuales 10 (20%) tenían IU. La mayoría de las mujeres con incontinencia presentaban IU de gravedad moderada e interferencia mínima en la CV. Además, se observó una asociación entre haber presentado antecedentes de IU y tener IU (RP=5,33; IC95%=1,41 a 20,10). Se concluye que la frecuencia de IU en mujeres que practican crossfit fue del 20%, y que la IU se presentó, en su mayoría, de gravedad moderada y de interferencia mínima en la CV de ellas.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of urinary incontinence (UI) in women who practice crossfit. This was a cross-sectional study with women aged between 18 and 35 years, who had been practicing crossfit for at least six months without interruption, and at least three times a week. Individual assessment questionnaires were used, composed of sociodemographic, anthropometric and exercise data, as well as the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-UI-SF) to identify the presence of UI. The frequency and amount of urine loss and UI interference in quality of life (QoL) were also identified via ICIQ-IU-SF. These women also responded to a questionnaire about the severity of UI. The total sample of the study was 50 women, of whom 10 (20%) had UI. Most incontinent women had moderate UI and mild interference in QoL. Moreover, we observed an association between having UI history and presenting UI (PR=5.33, 95% CI=1.41 to 20.10). Given the above, we concluded that the frequency of UI in female crossfit athletes was 20%, with UI being mostly of moderate severity and mild interference in QoL.

Prevalência de incontinência urinária e perfil miccional de mulheres praticantes de Crossfit® / Prevalence of urinary incontinence and voiding pattern of Crossfit® practicing women

Introdução: A Incontinência Urinária (IU) afeta 200 milhões de pessoas de todas as idades, sendo a maioria mulheres. Segundo a International Continence Society (ICS) a IU é definida como qualquer perda involuntária de urina e consiste em uma patologia que leva a diversos efeitos sobre as atividades diárias, a interação social e percepção da própria saúde. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de perda de urina involuntária e padrão miccional em mulheres praticantes de Crossfit® em de Patos de Minas/MG. Métodos: Estudo transversal, exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa em 3 academias de Patos de Minas, cuja amostra foi de 38 mulheres. O perfil da amostra foi traçado por questionário contendo informações sociodemográficas e antecedentes obstétricos elaborados pelas pesquisadoras. Aplicou-se questionário específico para investigar a presença de IU e situações relacionadas ao padrão miccional e outro para uma avaliação da incontinência atlética que identificou o perfil de treinamento da atleta e as atividades específicas do Crossfit®. Resultados: Observou-se que 78,9% eram nulíparas, 13,2% tiveram parto do tipo vaginal e 7,9% partos cesárea. Apenas 7,9% da amostra apresentou incontinência atlética. Conclusão: Apesar da queixa, houve baixa prevalência de Incontinência Atlética na amostra. (AU)

Introduction: Urinary Incontinence (UI) affects 200 million people of all ages, mostly women. According to the International Continence Society (ICS), UI is defined as any involuntary loss of urine and consists of pathology that leads to various effects on daily activities, social interaction and perception of one's own health. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of involuntary urine loss and voiding pattern in women practicing Crossfit® in Patos de Minas/MG. Methods: Crosssectional, exploratory study with a quantitative approach in 2 Patos de Minas gyms, whose sample consisted of 38 women. The sample profile was traced by a questionnaire containing socio-demographic information and obstetric antecedents prepared by the researchers. A specific questionnaire was applied to investigate the presence of UI and situations related to voiding and other patterns and an assessment of athletic incontinence that identified the athlete's training profile and specific Crossfit® activities. Results: It was observed that 78.9% were nulliparous, 13.2% had vaginal delivery and 7.9% cesarean. Only 7.9% of the sample had athletic incontinence. Conclusion: Despite the complaint, there was a low prevalence of athletic incontinence in the sample. (AU)

Superficial thermal response to CrossFit® workout

Abstract Aims: Recently, high-intensity training methods have become popular, integrating the cardiovascular and neuromuscular training in a single training session, among these methods is CrossFit®. The objective of this study was to analyze the superficial thermal response to CrossFit® exercise in men and women, in order to use this knowledge to prevent overuse injuries. Methods: Nineteen volunteers involved in CrossFit® exercise for more than 6-month (12 males and 7 females) were recruited. The acquisition of the thermal images was performed in a climatized room in two moments, at rest (before exercise), and after one CrossFit® training session. The training session lasted 45min, comprising warm-up (10-min), accessory work (15-20min), and workout of the day (15-20-min). Before the first image acquisition, volunteers were acclimated for 15 min. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the skin temperature between pre- and post-exercise. Results: Temperatures rose significantly pre- to post-exercise in the forearm and anterior thigh regions, while it decreased in the anterior thorax and dorsal lower back regions. These results were found both, in the overall sample, and the male volunteers, but not when the female results were isolated. Conclusion: It can be concluded that superficial thermal response to one CrossFit® training session was characterized and was different for men and women. The superficial thermal responses were aligned with the physiological alterations promoted by other modalities, such as resistance training, cycling, and running.

Comparison of the effects of different physical activities on laterality and asymmetry values through side bridge test

Aim: To compare the effects of different physical activities on laterality and asymmetry values through the side bridge test. Methods: the assessments were carried out in 45 subjects between 18 and 30 years old, 15 Crossfit-trained individuals, 15 weight trained and 15 sedentary. The subjects performed the side bridge test on both sides. After checking the normality and homogeneity of the data, we selected the appropriate statistical analysis for the comparison of the variables, adopting a significance level of α <0.05. Results: there was no statistical difference in the balance ratio; however, significant difference was found in the side bridge test endurance time, in which the Crossfit group obtained longer times on both sides than the other two groups. The side bridge test is a test of simple execution and that in this study the Crossfit group presented better results in the endurance time in the side bridge test. Conclusion: the results of the ratio asymmetry and endurance time are not sufficient to evaluate the resistance of the core muscles but could be an evaluation tool, the side bridge test can be introduced in postural training programs.(AU)

The Concepts Change of Exercise Intensity for Obesity

As being obesity is associated with numerous health problems, effective fat loss strategies are required. Although dieting has been the major fat loss method, aerobic exercise programs have been shown to increase cardiorespiratory fitness and preserve fat-free mass. Most aerobic exercise interventions have consisted of moderate-intensity steady-state exercise. Disappointingly, these kinds of exercise programs have resulted in minimal fat loss. In contrast, high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) has been shown to result in greater fat loss. Accumulating evidence suggests that high intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) has the potential to be an economical and effective exercise protocol for reducing fat of overweight individuals, especially Tabata workout and Crossfit.